Volume 7 Issue 8 2025

Support Vector Regression (SVR) based predictive controller is proposed for nonlinear Continuous Stirrer Tank Reactor (CSTR) processes. SVR based prediction control algorithm is recommended for complex non-linear processes, having very high dimensional input spaces. The proposed control algorithm is compared with Neural Network Predictive Control (NNPC) algorithm to show its effectiveness and observed that, local minima are hidden units selection issues involved in Neural predictive controller are solved. The same algorithm is used in nonlinear Continuous Stirrer Tank Reactor (CSTR) tank process to observe the effectiveness. In CSTR, concentration is controlled by manipulating its feed flow rate. From results, it is concluded that SVR ensures robustness and control accuracy under servo and regulatory operations.

Transmission of data through internet has become very common now a day so, it is important to have secure communication over internet. Cryptography and Steganography are two important methods for providing secure communication. We know cryptography and steganography are two methods used for data protection. The cryptography distorts the data and steganography hides the existence of data. But both of them have their own vulnerabilities, in this paper we are focused to combine cryptography and steganography in various ways to enhance the security of data.

Tourism has emerged as a major global industry today. It is a sizable but complex service industry. In the last 50-55 years, tourism has seen rapid and continuous growth. Tourism is a key sector earning foreign exchange for Indian economy. It is working as a harbinger of 'more inclusive growth' in India by promoting other industries inside the economy through backward and forward linkages and generating employment in various sectors such as hospitality, travel, and entertainment. The significance of tourism has been recognized in both developed and developing countries. This sector has emerged as Travel Tourism and Hospitality Industry contributing considerably towards India’s GDP and expected to increase from 234.03 US billion$ in 2017 to 492.21 US billion $ in 2028. India offers geographical diversity, attractive tourist destinations, 37 world Heritage sites, 29 Cultural sites and 25 biogeographic zones. It has emerged with diverse portfolio of niche tourism products like cruise, adventure, medical, and wellness, sports, eco-tourism, film, rural and religious tourism. This sector directly supported 5% of the total employment and expected to touch the figure of 8.4 % of total employment by 2028. Although tourism sector has emerged as growth engine and is having vast potential for generating employment and earning huge amounts of foreign exchange besides giving a fillip to the country’s economic and social development. But much more needs to be done to make India as world player in this sector. Although this sector has adopted aggressive marketing strategies and launched number of creative and attractive tourism products but still it needs to be strengthened by focusing on positive growth in terms of Foreign tourist arrivals, Foreign exchange earnings and foreign as well as domestic investments. Present paper is an attempt to focus on the emerging trends of this sector in India with and to evaluate the trends of foreign direct investments, domestic investments foreign exchange earnings , foreign tourist arrival with its comparative outlook.

There will be 9.7 billion people in the world by 2050. Feeding them will require increasing current food production by up to 98 percent. This is not the only challenge. Climate change is an increasing threat to weather-dependent agriculture as we see more erratic rainfall patterns and more frequent floods and droughts. In addition, our current methods of food production contribute a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions, further exacerbating climate change. Agriculture also has a significant impact on the environment as it consumes large amounts of precious natural resources like fresh water which are depleting rapidly. Moreover, we cannot expand the land under cultivation to increase food production without causing further deforestation. About 84 percent of the world’s farmers are smallholders and produce 30–34 percent of the world’s food. Yet, they contend with challenges such as low productivity, poor efficiency, and the effects of climate change mentioned. Increasing their productivity is essential for eliminating global poverty. To ensure food security for our future generations, agriculture needs become more sustainable—environmentally, economically, and socially—through applying technology, digital and innovation

Functional nanomaterials represent a dynamic frontier in modern material science, enabling innovations in electronics, energy, environment, healthcare, and catalysis. This review examines recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of functional nanomaterials, highlighting their transformative impact and outlining future directions. Key references from leading journals underpin the discussion.

Computer processing of information allows modeling various types of activities in social spheres, which allows for a serious impact on society. The use of such information effects for both progressive and aggressive purposes can be reflected in the activities of information engineering. It is important to study the multifaceted and complex scientific and theoretical foundations of this activity and discuss them in a broad academic environment. This article presents ideas on methods of targeted modeling of information in education, culture, library activities and other information-intensive areas. The proposed ideas are aimed at bringing a number of processes to a standard level, their compliance with international or regional legal documents, identifying aggressive elements in some areas, and in some cases, taking into account innovative methods of information modeling. The creation of perfect information models using ten subsystems proposed within the framework of the study of "information engineering" can open up new opportunities in the management of information processes and go beyond the algorithms of modern "artificial intelligence".

This study explores India’s rise as a hot-spot market for global skincare brands from the distributors' point of view. The Indian skincare industry is valued at nearly USD 3 billion in 2023. This figure is projected to grow at a CAGR of 15% over the next decade. The key driving factors are: Rising disposable income, beauty awareness, and an expanding middle class. Distribution channels play a crucial role in this growth;. At the same time, traditional retail remains dominant, e-commerce is surging, while online beauty sales are growing at 39% in mid-2024, with the main accelerators being social media and influencer marketing. International brands face multiple hurdles, including mandatory product registration and compliance with India’s cosmetics standards. Emerging trends such as the rise of clean beauty, almost half of the Indian consumer base that inclines towards natural ingredients, and a booming luxury segment are expected to quadruple by 2035. Despite strong demand, challenges include competition from entrenched local players, diverse regional preferences, and supply chain complexities. Significant opportunities exist in the Indian landscape. India’s relatively low per capita skincare spending ($14 vs. $38 in China) signals untapped growth potential. The convergence of traditional retail and booming e-commerce offers a broad market entry platform. For success in the Indian marketplace, an omnichannel distribution strategy, regulatory navigation, and localized marketing, including influencer collaborations, are non-negotiable. By aligning distribution partnerships and product offerings with India’s evolving market landscape, global skincare brands can establish and scale effectively, capitalizing on both current demand and future growth.

Personal protective equipment has been widely used by people during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect themselves from infection. The study showed that youths are very concerned about infection and most wore masks to prevent the transmission of the virus. The study examines the PPE waste management behaviour among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the value-identity-personal norm model. Data were gathered from 486 Indian youths, using questionnaires, and analysed structural equation modelling. Factors that affect youth's waste management practises for personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in India were analysed. This research obtained the significance of the factors and ways of positively affecting the PPE Waste management behaviour among youth. The cluster analysis gives insight about data, the individuals are clustered into two groups. Each factor is sufficiently helping to cluster into two groups. This study sheds light on how young people handled PPE trash during the COVID-19 epidemic and what factors should be taken into account to improve their environmentally friendly PPE waste management practices.